The title above is also the title of Francis Fukuyama’s latest book, which I have just completed. I have recommended him before (The End of History and the Last Man), and he continues to attract me with his penetrating insight on the most pressing issues. Here he traces our changing understanding of human nature through history leading to a description of the potential impact of the revolution in the life sciences on the foundation of liberal democracy—the belief that human beings are equal by nature. In my opinion, there will be no more compelling theme in this century than this one.